[Windows] DevCon 命令列公用程式功能可替代裝置管理員

[URL="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/311272"]The DevCon command-line utility functions as an alternative to Device Manager[/URL]
[QUOTE]The DevCon utility is a command-line utility that acts as an alternative to Device Manager. Using DevCon, you can enable, disable, restart, update, remove, and query individual devices or groups of devices. DevCon also provides information that is relevant to the driver developer and is not available in Device Manager.[/QUOTE]
由於小弟習慣以休眠取代關機, 當多次休眠重啟之後, 難免硬體裝置會出現一些問題, 尤其是當執行許多需要耗費記憶體的應用程式之後, Windows 需要頻繁將應用程式所使用的記憶體置換到硬碟之中, 而當下次休眠重啟之後, 此時最容易產生部份硬體無法正常啟動的情形, 尤其是對於網路介面卡而言, 最好的解決方法當然就是重新開機, 但如果嫌麻煩的話, 倒是可以利用DevCon 命令列公用程式解決, 以下示範操作流程

請先下載[URL="http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/1/f/11f7dd10-272d-4cd2-896f-9ce67f3e0240/devcon.exe"]devcon.exe[/URL], 執行後會解壓縮得到32-bit 和64-bit 版本, 請將適合您的版本移到%SystemRoot%\system32 之下

開啟命令提示字元, 然後執行 "devcon help" 可以顯示參數說明:
[FONT="細明體"][CODE]c:\>devcon help
Device Console Help:
devcon [-r] [-m:\\<machine>] <command> [<arg>...]
-r if specified will reboot machine after command is complete, if needed.
<machine> is name of target machine.
<command> is command to perform (see below).
<arg>... is one or more arguments if required by command.
For help on a specific command, type: devcon help <command>
classfilter Allows modification of class filters.
classes List all device setup classes.
disable Disable devices that match the specific hardware or instance ID.
driverfiles List driver files installed for devices.
drivernodes Lists all the driver nodes of devices.
enable Enable devices that match the specific hardware or instance ID.
find Find devices that match the specific hardware or instance ID.
findall Find devices including those that are not present.
help Display this information.
hwids Lists hardware ID's of devices.
install Manually install a device.
listclass List all devices for a setup class.
reboot Reboot local machine.
remove Remove devices that match the specific hardware or instance ID.
rescan Scan for new hardware.
resources Lists hardware resources of devices.
restart Restart devices that match the specific hardware or instance ID.
sethwid Modify Hardware ID's of listed root-enumerated devices.
stack Lists expected driver stack of devices.
status List running status of devices.
update Manually update a device.
updateni Manually update a device (non interactive).[/CODE][/FONT]
網路卡屬於PCI 介面卡之一, 請先由裝置管理員確認發生問題的網路卡, 然後執行 "devcon findall pci*"
[FONT="細明體"][CODE]c:\>devcon findall pci*
PCI\VEN_10EC&DEV_8139&SUBSYS_813910EC&REV_10\3&61AAA01&0&40 : Realtek RTL8139 Family PCI Fast Ethernet NIC
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_0571&SUBSYS_05711106&REV_06\3&61AAA01&0&89 : VIA Bus Master IDE Controller
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3038&SUBSYS_30381106&REV_80\3&61AAA01&0&80 : VIA Rev 5 or later USB Universal Host Controller
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3038&SUBSYS_30381106&REV_80\3&61AAA01&0&81 : VIA Rev 5 or later USB Universal Host Controller
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3059&SUBSYS_45521106&REV_50\3&61AAA01&0&8D : Vinyl AC'97 CodecCombo Driver (WDM)
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3065&SUBSYS_30651106&REV_74\3&61AAA01&0&90 : VIA Rhine II FastEthernet Adapter
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3104&SUBSYS_31041106&REV_82\3&61AAA01&0&83 : VIA USB Enhanced Host Controller
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3122&SUBSYS_31221106&REV_03\4&26E5833C&0&0008: VIA/S3G UniChrome IGP
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3123&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_00\3&61AAA01&0&00 : PCI standard hostCPU bridge
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_3177&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_00\3&61AAA01&0&88 : PCI standard ISA bridge
PCI\VEN_1106&DEV_B091&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_00\3&61AAA01&0&08 : VIA CPU to AGP Controller
PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_6972&SUBSYS_69721217&REV_00\3&61AAA01&0&48 : O2Micro OZ6912 CardBus Controller
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&SUBSYS_000E17F9&REV_01\3&61AAA01&0&50 : Atheros AR5005G Wireless Network Adapter
13 matching device(s) found.[/CODE][/FONT]
假設有問題的裝置是Atheros 無線網卡, 接著利用剪貼然後執行 devcon hwids "PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A"
[FONT="細明體"][CODE]c:\>devcon hwids "PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A"
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&SUBSYS_000E17F9&REV_01\3&61AAA01&0&50
Name: Atheros AR5005G Wireless Network Adapter
Hardware ID's:
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&SUBSYS_000E17F9&REV_01
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&SUBSYS_000E17F9
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&CC_020000
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&CC_0200
Compatible ID's:
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&REV_01
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A
PCI\VEN_168C&CC_020000
PCI\VEN_168C&CC_0200
PCI\VEN_168C
PCI\CC_020000
PCI\CC_0200
1 matching device(s) found.[/CODE][/FONT]
請剪貼Compatible ID's 的前一個字串, 然後執行 devcon restart "PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&CC_0200", 這麼做的目的是避免影響其他不相干的裝置, 但是如果您的裝置包含兩片以上類似的網卡, 那麼Hardware ID 字串愈長愈不容易選到錯誤的裝置
[FONT="細明體"][CODE]c:\>devcon restart "PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&CC_0200"
PCI\VEN_168C&DEV_001A&SUBSYS_000E17F9&REV_01\3&61AAA01&0&50 : Restarted
1 device(s) restarted.[/CODE][/FONT]
如果看見 "1 device(s) restarted.", 則代表指令正確, 請把指令複製下來, 然後在桌面上建立一個捷徑, 或者貼到開始->執行, 再執行一次, 以方便下回不需要再重複以上步驟

如果休眠只是讓網卡出問題, 那倒還好, 若是導致Windows 死當, 那就不妙了, 尤其USB 無線網卡更容易發生以上情形, 請安裝[URL="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/941036"]Windows KB941036[/URL]

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