請問誰知道要去哪找開羅宣言的VCD或資料嗎 [Site Map]

米達麥亞

2002-03-24, 10:27 AM

http://210.69.89.7/mnd/esy/esy004.html

節錄轉貼

台澎由馬關條約割讓日本後,在二戰的一九四三年的開羅會議,中美英發表了
"開羅宣言"如下:(原文)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

President Roosevelt, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and Prime Minister,
Mr. Churchill, togeter with their respective military and diplomatic,
advisers, have completed a conference in North Africa. The following
general statement has been issued;

"The several military missions have agreed upon future military operations
against Japan. "The three great allies expressed their resolve to bring
unrelenting pressure against their brutal enemies by sea, land, and air.
This pressure is already rising.

"The three great allies are fighting this war to restrain and punish the
aggression of Japan. They covet no gain for themselves and have no thought
of territorial expansion.
"It is their purpose that Japan shall be stripped of all the islands in the
Pasific which are she seized or occupies since the biginning of the first
world war in 1914, and that all the territories that Japan has stolen from
the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and Pescadores, shall be restored
to the Republic of China.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

最後三行主張日本必需將偷自(stolen from)中國的土地如滿州台澎歸還( restored)
中華民國( the Republic of China)

開羅宣言的重要性不是因為三國元首的聲明,而是它後來被國際法律文件引用,它並
不須要簽字,重要的是,引用它的國際條約簽了字(視宣言為原則)! 最重要者 , 開羅
宣言之所以已備忘錄形式紀錄 , 其主要原因乃在戰時國際法不同於平時國際法 ,
敵對間之交戰國很顯然無法於當時共同簽字 .

後來,在一九四五年六月二十六日,中美英三國又共同發表了波茲坦宣言(Potsdam
Proclamation),前言和原文節錄如下(和台澎相關者):

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. We, the President of the United States, the President of the National
Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great
Britain,representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have
conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end the
war.

我們,美國總統,中華民國國民政府主席,大英首相同意日本應被給予機會停止戰爭
8. The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out, and Japanese
sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu,
Shikoku, and such minor islands as we determine.

開羅宣言的條件一定要實現,日本的領土限定在我們決定的範圍內

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

開羅宣言被波茲坦宣言包括了進去,後來波茲坦宣言被日本的降書做為原則,也就是說
各國和日本皆同意這波茲坦宣言和開羅宣言的原則!

日本降書原文如下,此文甚長,只節錄和中華民國相關者

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

I N S T R U M E N T O F S U R R E N D E R

We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of
Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General
Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the
declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United
States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and
States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and
subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub-
lics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied
Powers.

我們,受日本帝國.日本政府.日本軍部之命,接受所有由美國.中國.和英國
政府制定的波茲坦宣言,及其後和蘇維埃政府發布之宣言...

We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied
Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all
Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese
control wherever situated.

We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government
and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam
Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take
whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the
Allied Poers or by any other designated representative of the
Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.

我們天皇和日本政府及其後繼者必將實施波茲坦宣言......

MAMORU SHIGMITSU
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor
of Japan and the Japanese Government

天皇及政府代表重光葵

YOSHIJIRO UMEZU
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese
Imperial General Headquarters

日本軍部代表梅津美治郎

------------------------------------------------------------------------

這是一份正式的國際文件,各國及日本都同意波茲坦宣言,也等於承認了開羅宣言
做為原則,很多人都以為宣言沒簽字一定無效,重點是: 它們一旦納入了正式合約
之中,就是被做為法律原則實行,除非相關國家重訂新約否定前約,否則這就是新的
現狀! 當然或許有人會說降書是由戰區司令作代表而簽署 , 效力明顯不及由兩國
國會及元首同意通過的國際條約 . 但是請別忘記 , 降書目的乃在結束戰時狀態
平時國際法之重新適用乃在降書簽訂之後 , 故依據戰時國際法原則 , 在非常時
期下之條約簽署不同於平時國際法中條約之簽署 , 戰區作戰司令乃代表該國對外
之最高代表 , 是故其所簽署之條約自然對該國有完全之拘束力 .

所謂台灣地位未定論,是在一九五一年九月八日四十八國簽署對日和約,其中有一條
和約第二條規定：「日本應放棄對台灣及澎湖列島的權利、權限及講求權」，但又

註明「該條約的本身將不決定這些島嶼的未來歸屬」。

一些人希望以此做為台灣地位未定的來源,但問題是,這個和約,中國並未簽署,而後
中華民國和日本自行訂立條約(中日和約)如下:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
第四條:將中日兩國在一九四一年十二月九日以前，所締結的一切條約專約與協定，
均因戰爭結果而歸無效

第十條:台灣、澎湖的人民與法人，全是中華民國的人民與法人

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------